Understanding Canine Communication

Dogs communicate in several ways with each other and other species, including humans. As humans, we are limited to the communications dogs give us via vocal cues and body language.

We can read the cues animals are giving us in the way they are standing, their posture, position in cage, eyes, ears, mouth, tail, and dorsal hair.

What are the key body language cues to look out for?

The Eyes

If a dog’s eyes appear larger than they normally are, this indicates that the animal is feeling threatened, stressed, or frightful. If a dog’s eyes appear squinty or smaller than they normally are, it may indicate that the dog is in pain or not feeling well.

The direction of a dog’s gaze will also tell you a lot about how they are feeling. When a dog looks at you directly but displays a relaxed facial expression, they are being friendly and trying to get your attention.

However, be cautious if a dog stares at you intently with a tense facial expression or looks at you from the corner of their eyes, as this may indicate they perceive you as a threat.

The Mouth

If a dog’s mouth is closed or slightly open (because they’re panting to cool down their body) and appears relaxed and content, they are simply displaying normal dog behaviour. A dog may also have a closed mouth or show a “submissive grin” when they are feeling extremely frightened.
This body language is always accompanied by submissive body posture and a lowered head, yelping or whining.

If a dog is feeling frightened, they will retract their mouth to fully show their teeth. Be cautious around dogs displaying this body language as they are ready to bite.

The Ears

Despite the shape or size of the dog’s ears naturally, the dog’s ears will be in a natural position when the dog is relaxed and comfortable. If a dog’s ears are pulled back slightly, they’re signalling their intention to be friendly.

When a dog is alert, they will raise their ears higher on their head and direct them toward the source of the sound that is holding their interest. A dog’s ears can also be raised and pointed forward when it’s feeling aggressive.

The Tail

Whilst most people will interpret a dog wagging their tail because they’re happy, dogs can wag their tails when they are alert and aroused.

When a dog is alert and aroused and wagging their tail, their tail will be flagged higher than normal, and their body posture will reflect their state of being. When a dog is feeling frightened or submissive, they will usually lower their tail or even tuck it between their legs.

Summary

Understanding canine body language is essential for building trust and ensuring positive interactions with dogs. By recognising these subtle cues, we can respond appropriately to their needs, prevent misunderstandings, and strengthen our bond with them. Whether you’re a pet owner, trainer, or simply a dog lover, paying attention to these signals will help create a safer and more comfortable environment for both humans and dogs.